A society consists of a variety of groups with their various aims and interests. All of such groups directly or indirectly contribute to educate the individuals in one way or the other. Actually education is the process of socialization, and social groups are the agencies of education. That is why social groups in one way or the other play the role of educational agencies to socialize the individuals. Agencies of education are the means for socialization because it is education that accelerates socialization of the people.
In fact, education does not mean only the formal education that
people can get from educational institutions. Different social groups activate
in the society as agencies of education which ultimately contribute to educate
them, and to socialize through education. Agencies of the education are the
sources of education such as schools, collages, family, society, state,
library, media and different social institutions. Such agencies of education
take responsibility of educating and socializing the individuals,
reconstructing and developing the society, preserving, transmitting and
developing cultural heritages. Some agencies are briefly described as follows:
2.3.1 Family
Family
is the oldest and fundamental organization or unit of human civilization. It is
a small social group which consists of certain related persons such as husband,
wife and children together with the old dependents. Maclver and page define
family as, "The family is a group defined by sex relationship sufficiently
precise and enduring to provide for the procreation and upbringing of
children.'' Family is a garland of kinship relations with emotional ties. And
in different view family is the first school of a child as Pestalozzi says in
his own words as, "Home- a center of love and affection is the best place
and the first school of the child." A child learns many things at home by
the family members. It is the basic fundamental institutions for socialization
of an individual.
Educationists
emphasizes two aspects for the socialization of a child: heredity and
environment. Since heredity is endowed characteristic, it is fixed and
definite. But, environment can be made favorable for a child by his home and
family. Family helps a child to be changed from a solely biological being into
a social being.
2.3.2 Peer Group
Peer
group is a group of intimate friends of a person as his age factor constituted
especially in teenage. Peer group affects adolescent much because a person is
influenced heavily by his friends than others in that period. What a child
becomes is also the product of his friends. Good friends help a person to have
good social development and had friends do the reverse. It is also a play group
among which they interact regarding many aspects which they have no possibility
to learn in family, school and community.
A
peer group consists of different individuals from diverse culture. So, a child
can interact with difference of society through the peer group. Since they come
to contact with the friends of different class and culture, they come to know
many things from the peer group. Through the peer group they develop leadership
quality, organizational quality, individuality, co-operative attitude. From a
peer group who have common interests, hobbies and aspirations, they can share
all their things among each other freely. That is why they can develop their
process of socialization independently through peer group.
2.3.3 School
School
is a formally established social agency which aims at socializing individuals
with certain objectives through prescribed curriculum, extra-curricular
activities and evaluation. It takes the responsibility of preserving,
transmitting the cultural heritage, democratic norms and values. It helps to
reconstruct the society as the need of time. School develops the child and
tries to make dynamic and relevant to the society.
School
aims to addressing all aspirations, needs of an individual, society and nation.
School is the place where child fosters his potential creativity and the basic
behavior that he learned at home. It gives opportunities for individuals to
interact with various cultures. School is a miniature society which resembles
society in many ways. It helps the society implicitly or explicitly. It
prepares the human resource for the society for its all-round development.
2.3.4 Community
Community
is the agency where a child practices his socialization. In this sense
community is a laboratory where an individual performs and experiments his
theoretical knowledge regarding socialization. Community is a canopy that
includes all social institutions which contribute for socialization. Society is
included under community and individuals are inside society.
Community
modifies the behavioral characteristics of a child in terms of its ideal, ideas
and objectives. Community tries to mould individuals in terms of its social,
economic and political needs and aspirations. Actually, community teaches a
child about social norms, values, code, conducts, morality and discipline. The
personality of a child gets formulated according to the community. Community is
the environment which exerts its impressions on the growing children. Community
influences on physical, mental, social, cultural, moral and vocational
development.
2.3.5 Association media
A
society has different associations and mediums of mass communication Medias
which function in multiple fields of it. An individual may learn many things by
involving in such associations of the society. Such associations give
opportunity for a child to engage and contribute for the development of the
society.
The
mass media inform the people and keep the people in touch with outer world. In
fact, because of the media and means of communication, the world is being a
global village where they can learn among each other which ultimately socialize
them.
The
social association aims at developing the society, it motivates individuals
contribute to develop society by enhancing social qualities and creative
talents. Associations also develop the sense of unity and mutual existence
which ultimately make a child get socialized. Since association is constituted
irrespective of social, economic, class, caste, gender. A child causes to know
the importance of all individuals for social development. The associations
bring different individuals into a common sharing
2.3.6 Political, religious and economical
groups
Political Parties
Politics
govern all of other principles of the nation. So, political consciousness is a
must for appropriate socialization. But it does not mean that each and every
person of the society must indulge in party politics. Children in the society
can get socialization through the activities of political parties, their views
toward the social and national problems.
Religious Groups
Religious aim at directing the human life in accordance to their
religious doctrine. Religious practices also socialize the children. Different
religions may exist in a society where they disseminate their views, oral
doctrine, belief etc. They try to socialize the people as regards their own
religious practices and thought. Religious conviction forms social and cultural
patterns for an individual. For instance, every religion preaches for moral
values such as love and compassion for others and urges not to engage in
adultery, theft and robberies.
Economic Groups
Economic aspect is one
of the major aspects in human life. Financial institutions existing in the
society socialize persons in different ways. People interact with such
institutions, banks, cooperatives and other various funds in a bid to address
their economic needs and concerns.
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