1.1 Concept of sociology and sociology of education
Sociology
The word sociology has been derived
from two words 'Socio' and 'Logy'. 'Socio' stands for society whereas 'Logy'
refers to study or science. Hence etymologically sociology means scientific
study of society. French philosopher Auguste Comte used the
word 'sociology for the first time in 1837. he put the sociology at the top
preceding other sciences calling it as a comprehensive science. Comte defined
sociology as the synthesis of all sciences. Since Comte contributed to emerge
sociology as a scientific study of society, he is called as the father of
sociology. Sociology studies social phenomena and process along with social
organizations and cultural patterns in scientific manner. It studies the
aspects that fall within the scope of multidimensional behavior and interaction
of human being with social institutions.
Definitions of Sociology
'Sociology is the study of science of society.'- Auguste Comte
'Sociology is the study of
different forms of human interactions.' - Max Weber
'Sociology is the study of the
process of interaction of persons and patterns in relation to biological
psychological and cultural influences.'- Herbert Spencer
Sociology of education
Sciology of
education is defined as a study of the relations between education and society.
It is an investigation of the sociological processes involved in an educational
institution. To Ottaway (1962), it is a social study and in so far as its
method is scientific, it is a branch of social science. It is concerned with
educational aims, methods, institutions, administration and curricula in
relation to the economic, political, religious, social and cultural forces of
the society in which they function. As far as the education of the individual
is concerned, sociology of education highlights on the influence of social life
and social relationships on the development of personality. Thus, sociology of
education emphasizes sociological aspects of educational phenomena and
institutions. The problems encountered are regarded as essentially problems of
sociology and not problems of educational practice.
Sociology of
Education, therefore, may be explained as the scientific analysis of the social
processes and social patterns involved in the educational system. Brookover and
Gottlieb consider that ―this assumes education is a combination of social acts
and that sociology is an analysis of human interaction. Educational process
goes on in a formal as well as in informal situations. Sociological study of
the human interaction in education may comprise both situations and might guide
to the development of scientific generalizations of human relations in the
educational system. The sociology of education is the study of how public
institutions and individual experiences influence education and its outcomes.
It is most concerned with the public schooling systems of modern industrial
societies, including the growth of higher, further, adult, and continuing
education. It is a philosophical as well as a sociological concept, indicating
ideologies, curricula, and pedagogical techniques of the inculcation and
management of knowledge and the social reproduction of personalities and
cultures. It is concerned with the relationships, activities and reactions of
the teachers and students in the classroom and highlights the sociological
problems in the realm of education.
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) who is regarded as the ‘father’ of
sociology of education clearly defines sociology of education as “A
systematic study sociological perspective.” This definition of sociology of
education is suitable because it speaks much of what goes on in education
system. It clearly states that it is important to know sociology before knowing
what sociology of education is. This is because sociology is related to
sociology of education.
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